what is the atomic radius of sumner in pm to one decimal place?

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The atomic radius of a chemical element is the distance from the center of the nucleus to the outermost vanquish of an electron. Since the purlieus is not a well-defined concrete entity, at that place are various non-equivalent definitions of diminutive radius. Depending on the definition, the term may apply only to isolated atoms, or also to atoms in condensed thing, covalently leap in molecules, or in ionized and excited states; and its value may exist obtained through experimental measurements, or computed from theoretical models. Under some definitions, the value of the radius may depend on the atom'due south land and context.^[1]

Atomic radii vary in a anticipated and explicable way across the periodic table. For example, the radii generally decrease rightward along each menstruation (row) of the table, from the alkali metals to the noble gases; and increase down each grouping (column). The radius increases sharply betwixt the noble gas at the end of each period and the brine metal at the beginning of the next period. These trends of the atomic radii (and of diverse other chemic and physical backdrop of the elements) tin exist explained past the electron shell theory of the atom; they provided important evidence for the development and confirmation of breakthrough theory.

Atomic radius [edit]

Note: All measurements given are in picometers (pm). For more recent information on covalent radii see Covalent radius. Just every bit atomic units are given in terms of the atomic mass unit of measurement (approximately the proton mass), the physically appropriate unit of length here is the Bohr radius, which is the radius of a hydrogen atom. The Bohr radius is consequently known every bit the "atomic unit of length". It is frequently denoted past a ₀ and is approximately 53 pm. Hence, the values of atomic radii given here in picometers can be converted to atomic units by dividing by 53, to the level of accuracy of the data given in this table.

atomic number	symbol	proper noun	empirical †	Calculated	van der Waals	Covalent (single bond)	Covalent (triple bail)	Metallic
1	H	hydrogen	25	53	120	32	no data
2	He	helium	120	31	140	46	no data
3	Li	lithium	145	167	182	133	no information	152
4	Be	glucinium	105	112	153 a	102	85	112
v	B	boron	85	87	192 a	85	73
6	C	carbon	lxx	67	170	75	60
7	Northward	nitrogen	65	56	155	71	54
eight	O	oxygen	threescore	48	152	63	53
ix	F	fluorine	fifty	42	147	64	53
10	Ne	neon	160	38	154	67	no information
xi	Na	sodium	180	190	227	155	no data	186
12	Mg	magnesium	150	145	173	139	127	160
13	Al	aluminium	125	118	184 a	126	111	143
xiv	Si	silicon	110	111	210	116	102
15	P	phosphorus	100	98	180	111	94
16	S	sulfur	100	88	180	103	95
17	Cl	chlorine	100	79	175	99	93
18	Ar	argon	71	71	188	96	96
19	K	potassium	220	243	275	196	no data	227
xx	Ca	calcium	180	194	231 a	171	133	197
21	Sc	scandium	160	184	211 a	148	114	162 b
22	Ti	titanium	140	176	no data	136	108	147
23	V	vanadium	135	171	no data	134	106	134 b
24	Cr	chromium	140	166	no data	122	103	128 b
25	Mn	manganese	140	161	no information	119	103	127 b
26	Iron	iron	140	156	no data	116	102	126 b
27	Co	cobalt	135	152	no data	111	96	125 b
28	Ni	nickel	135	149	163	110	101	124 b
29	Cu	copper	135	145	140	112	120	128 b
30	Zn	zinc	135	142	139	118	no data	134 b
31	Ga	gallium	130	136	187	124	121	135 c
32	Ge	germanium	125	125	211 a	121	114
33	Every bit	arsenic	115	114	185	121	106
34	Se	selenium	115	103	190	116	107
35	Br	bromine	115	94	185	114	110
36	Kr	krypton	no data	88	202	117	108
37	Rb	rubidium	235	265	303 a	210	no data	248
38	Sr	strontium	200	219	249 a	185	139	215
39	Y	yttrium	180	212	no data	163	124	180 b
40	Zr	zirconium	155	206	no data	154	121	160
41	Nb	niobium	145	198	no data	147	116	146 b
42	Mo	molybdenum	145	190	no data	138	113	139 b
43	Tc	technetium	135	183	no data	128	110	136 b
44	Ru	ruthenium	130	178	no information	125	103	134 b
45	Rh	rhodium	135	173	no data	125	106	134 b
46	Pd	palladium	140	169	163	120	112	137 b
47	Ag	argent	160	165	172	128	137	144 b
48	Cd	cadmium	155	161	158	136	no data	151 b
49	In	indium	155	156	193	142	146	167
50	Sn	tin	145	145	217	140	132
51	Sb	antimony	145	133	206 a	140	127
52	Te	tellurium	140	123	206	136	121
53	I	iodine	140	115	198	133	125
54	Xe	xenon	no information	108	216	131	122
55	Cs	caesium	265	298	343 a	232	no information	265
56	Ba	barium	215	253	268 a	196	149	222
57	La	lanthanum	195	226	no information	180	139	187 b
58	Ce	cerium	185	210	no information	163	131	181.8 c
59	Pr	praseodymium	185	247	no data	176	128	182.4 c
60	Nd	neodymium	185	206	no data	174	no data	181.four c
61	Pm	promethium	185	205	no data	173	no data	183.iv c
62	Sm	samarium	185	238	no information	172	no data	180.4 c
63	European union	europium	185	231	no data	168	no data	180.4 c
64	Gd	gadolinium	180	233	no data	169	132	180.4 c
65	Tb	terbium	175	225	no data	168	no data	177.iii c
66	Dy	dysprosium	175	228	no information	167	no information	178.1 c
67	Ho	holmium	175	226	no data	166	no data	176.2 c
68	Er	erbium	175	226	no data	165	no data	176.1 c
69	Tm	thulium	175	222	no data	164	no data	175.ix c
70	Yb	ytterbium	175	222	no data	170	no information	176 c
71	Lu	lutetium	175	217	no data	162	131	173.viii c
72	Hf	hafnium	155	208	no information	152	122	159
73	Ta	tantalum	145	200	no information	146	119	146 b
74	W	tungsten	135	193	no data	137	115	139 b
75	Re	rhenium	135	188	no information	131	110	137 b
76	Os	osmium	130	185	no data	129	109	135 b
77	Ir	iridium	135	180	no data	122	107	135.v b
78	Pt	platinum	135	177	175	123	110	138.5 b
79	Au	gilt	135	174	166	124	123	144 b
80	Hg	mercury	150	171	155	133	no data	151 b
81	Tl	thallium	190	156	196	144	150	170
82	Pb	lead	180	154	202	144	137
83	Bi	bismuth	160	143	207 a	151	135
84	Po	polonium	190	135	197 a	145	129
85	At	astatine	no data	127	202 a	147	138
86	Rn	radon	no data	120	220 a	142	133
87	Fr	francium	no information	no data	348 a	no information	no data	no data
88	Ra	radium	215	no information	283 a	201	159	no information
89	Ac	actinium	195	no data	no data	186	140	no information
90	Thursday	thorium	180	no data	no information	175	136	179 b
91	Pa	protactinium	180	no information	no data	169	129	163 d
92	U	uranium	175	no data	186	170	118	156 eastward
93	Np	neptunium	175	no data	no data	171	116	155 e
94	Pu	plutonium	175	no data	no information	172	no data	159 east
95	Am	americium	175	no data	no information	166	no information	173 b
96	Cm	curium	176	no data	no data	166	no data	174 b
97	Bk	berkelium	no data	no data	no data	no information	no data	170 b
98	Cf	californium	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	186±2 b
99	Es	einsteinium	no information	no data	no data	no data	no data	186±ii b
100	Fm	fermium	no data	no information	no data	no data	no information	no data
101	Md	mendelevium	no information	no data	no information	no data	no data	no information
102	No	nobelium	no information	no data	no information	no information	no data	no information
103	Lr	lawrencium	no data	no information	no data	no data	no data	no data
104	Rf	rutherfordium	no data	no data	no information	no data	131	no information
105	Db	dubnium	no data	no data	no data	no information	126	no data
106	Sg	seaborgium	no data	no information	no data	no data	121	no data
107	Bh	bohrium	no data	no data	no data	no information	119	no data
108	Hs	hassium	no data	no data	no data	no data	118	no information
109	Mt	meitnerium	no data	no data	no data	no data	113	no data
110	Ds	darmstadtium	no data	no information	no data	no data	112	no data
111	Rg	roentgenium	no information	no data	no data	no information	118	no data
112	Cn	copernicium	no data	no information	no data	no information	130	no information
113	Nh	nihonium	no data	no information	no data	no data	no data	no data
114	Fl	flerovium	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no information
115	Mc	moscovium	no data	no data	no data	no data	no information	no information
116	Lv	livermorium	no data	no information	no information	no data	no data	no information
117	Ts	tennessine	no data	no data	no information	no data	no data	no data
118	Og	oganesson	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data	no data

Run into also [edit]

• Atomic radius
• Covalent radius (Single-, double- and triple-bond radii, up to the superheavy elements.)
• Ionic radius

Notes [edit]

• Difference between empirical and experimental data: Empirical information basically means, "originating in or based on observation or experience" or "relying on feel or observation lone often without due regard for system and theory data".^[ii] Information technology basically ways that y'all measured it through physical observation, and a lot of experiments generating the aforementioned results. Although, note that the values are not calculated by a formula. Nonetheless, oft the empirical results then become an equation of estimation. Experimental data on the other manus are only based on theories. Such theoretical predictions are useful when there are no means of measuring radii experimentally, if yous want to predict the radius of an element that hasn't been discovered nonetheless, or it has too curt of a one-half-life.
• The radius of an atom is non a uniquely divers belongings and depends on the definition. Data derived from other sources with different assumptions cannot exist compared.

• † to an accuracy of about 5 pm

• (a) These radii are taken from M. Mantina, A.C. Chamberlin, R. Valero, C.J. Cramer, and D.G. Truhlar, J. Phys. Chem. 2009, 113, 5806.

• (b) 12 coordinate

• (c) gallium has an dissonant crystal structure

• (d) 10 coordinate

References [edit]

1. ^ Cotton, F. A.; Wilkinson, Yard. (1988). Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.). Wiley. p. 1385. ISBN978-0-471-84997-1.
2. ^ "Empirical Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster".

Information is as quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources:

Atomic radius (empirical) [edit]

• J.C. Slater (1964). "Diminutive Radii in Crystals". J. Chem. Phys. 41 (ten): 3199–3204. Bibcode:1964JChPh..41.3199S. doi:x.1063/1.1725697.

Atomic radius (calculated) [edit]

• E. Clementi; D.L.Raimondi; Westward.P. Reinhardt (1967). "Atomic Screening Constants from SCF Functions. Two. Atoms with 37 to 86 Electrons". J. Chem. Phys. 47 (4): 1300–1307. Bibcode:1967JChPh..47.1300C. doi:10.1063/i.1712084.

Van der Waals radius [edit]

• A. Bondi (1964). "van der Waals Volumes and Radii". J. Phys. Chem. 68 (3): 441–451. doi:x.1021/j100785a001.
• Yard. Mantina; A.C. Chamberlin; R. Valero; C.J. Cramer; D.G. Truhlar (2009). "Consistent van der Waals Radii for the Whole Primary Grouping". J. Phys. Chem. A. 113 (19): 5806–12. Bibcode:2009JPCA..113.5806M. doi:10.1021/jp8111556. PMC3658832. PMID 19382751.

Covalent radii (single bond) [edit]

• R.T. Sanderson (1962). Chemical Periodicity. New York, United states: Reinhold.
• 50.E. Sutton, ed. (1965). "Supplement 1956–1959, Special publication No. 18". Table of interatomic distances and configuration in molecules and ions. London, UK: Chemical Society.
• J.East. Huheey; E.A. Keiter & R.L. Keiter (1993). Inorganic Chemistry : Principles of Construction and Reactivity (4th ed.). New York, U.s.a.: HarperCollins. ISBN0-06-042995-Ten.
• W.W. Porterfield (1984). Inorganic chemistry, a unified approach. Reading Massachusetts, USA: Addison Wesley Publishing Co. ISBN0-201-05660-seven.
• A.1000. James & M.P. Lord (1992). Macmillan'due south Chemical and Concrete Data. MacMillan. ISBN0-333-51167-0.

Triple-bond covalent radii [edit]

• Southward. Riedel; P.Pyykkö, M. Patzschke; Patzschke, Chiliad (2005). "Triple-Bond Covalent Radii". Chem. Eur. J. xi (12): 3511–3520. doi:ten.1002/chem.200401299. PMID 15832398. Hateful-square deviation 3pm.
• Triple-Bond Covalent Radii Table online

Metallic radius [edit]

Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN978-0-08-037941-viii.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_radii_of_the_elements_%28data_page%29

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